Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

Lightning in all corners of the world is monitored by one or more land-or space-based
lightning locating systems (LLSs). The applications that have driven these developments are …

The VHF Broadband Digital Interferometer developed by Osaka University has been
improved to allow continuous sampling over the entire duration of a lightning flash and to …

Recent measurements of narrow bipolar lightning events (NBEs) by very high frequency
(VHF) radio interferometer have resolved the dynamic development of this special lightning …

Both cloud-to-ground and cloud lightning discharges involve a number of processes that
produce electromagnetic field signatures in different regions of the spectrum. Salient …

We study the sources of intense ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radiation (in the frequency
range 1–6 GHz) arising during the development of high-voltage atmospheric discharges …

Monitoring lightning and its location is important for understanding thunderstorm activity and
revealing lightning discharge mechanisms. This is often realized based on very low …

The FORTE satellite, launched on August 29, 1997, carries both radio-frequency-receiver
and optical (imaging and photometric) payloads for the study of lightning. The radio …

A lightning VHF radiation location system based on short-baseline time-difference of arrival
(TDOA) technology is newly developed. Based on the orthogonal 10m-baseline antenna …

We report on the development of an easily deployable LF near‐field interferometric‐time of
arrival (TOA) 3‐D Lightning Mapping Array applied to imaging of entire lightning flashes. An …