Human saliva can be easily obtained by noninvasive techniques and contains many
analytes of interest for screening, diagnosis and monitoring. These include steroid and other …

Background Most tobacco control programmes for adolescents are based around prevention
of uptake, but teenage smoking is still common. It is unclear if interventions that are effective …

An inability to maintain abstinence is a key indicator of tobacco dependence. Unfortunately,
little evidence exists regarding the ability of the major tobacco dependence measures to …

Context There is no validated, theory-based tool for assessing the onset of nicotine
dependence. However, the use of all addictive substances can result in a loss of autonomy …

A valid measure of dependence on cigarettes is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers.
The aim of this study was to develop a new, self-administered measure of cigarette …

This paper reviews the empirical literature on adolescent nicotine dependence, withdrawal,
and their associated features. Data documenting nicotine dependence scores, diagnoses …

Background Most tobacco control programmes for adolescents are based around prevention
of uptake, but teenage smoking is still common. It is unclear if interventions that are effective …

Rationale Different theories of addiction make conflicting predictions about whether
attentional and approach biases for smoking-related cues are enhanced, or reduced, as a …

BACKGROUND:: Research showed that the widely used Fagerström test for nicotine
dependence (FTND) does not cover important aspects of dependence. A new test, the …

Purpose Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) use is rapidly increasing in the US, especially
among adolescents. A significant number of adolescents use both cigarettes and e …