Bilingual people are often claimed to have an advantage over monolingual people in
cognitive processing owing to their ability to learn and use two languages. This advantage is …

A contentious issue in contemporary psycholinguistics is whether bilingualism enhances
executive functions. Here, we report a meta-analysis of 80 studies (253 effect sizes) …

There is considerable debate about whether bilingual children have an advantage in
executive functioning relative to monolingual children. In the current meta-analysis, we …

Debate continues on whether a bilingual advantage exists with respect to executive
functioning. This report synthesized the results of 170 studies to test whether the bilingual …

Numerous studies have argued that bilingualism has effects on cognitive functions.
Recently, in light of increasingly mixed empirical results, this claim has been challenged …

The 21st century has seen a strong upward trajectory in empirical research on the multiple
benefits that foreign language/world language learning and bilingualism can afford to both …

The bilingual advantage hypothesis is difficult to test for many reasons and one is the
complexity of the executive functioning (EF) construct. The newest wave of meta‐anlayses …

The search for the existence and nonexistence of bilingual advantages and disadvantages
has become a battleground marked by polarized comments and perspectives, furthering our …

Approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual. The bilingual
advantage theory claims that the constant need to control both known languages, that are …

Background Two-hundred one college undergraduates completed four nonverbal
interference tasks (Simon, spatial Stroop, vertical Stroop, and flanker) and trait scales of self …