Executive summary “Depression is a disorder of mood, so mysteriously painful and elusive
in the way it becomes known to the self—to the mediating intellect—as to verge close to …

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among
the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars,
increasing the risk of developing mental disorders in later life. However, no review has …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of worldwide disability among mood disorders.
Pathological mechanisms are still vastly unclear, and current treatments with conventional …

Serotonin modulates neuroplasticity, especially during early life, and dysfunctions in both
systems likewise contribute to pathophysiology of depression. Recent findings demonstrate …

Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes
dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge …

Psychiatric sequelae substantially contribute to the post-acute burden of disease associated
with COVID-19, persisting months after clearance of the virus. Brain imaging shows white …

Supported by recent human neuroimaging studies, the insula is re-emerging as an important
brain area not only in the physiological understanding of the brain, but also in pathological …

Major depression is a prevalent illness that increases the risk of several neurological
conditions. These include stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia including …

Identification of intrinsic brain activity differences and similarities between major depression
(MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is necessary. However, results have not yet yielded …