This study assessed the production, land use, environmental impacts, and energy balance
associated with ethanol and biodiesel production in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and …

Palm oil is an important commodity contributing to livelihoods of many communities, GDP of
governments and the achievement of several sustainable development goals (SDG) …

The growing concern over the dependency on fossil fuel has prompted the cost of energy
supply to the high extent. Widespread application of fossil fuel in transportation and …

Agriculture affects climate change and contributes directly and indirectly to greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions. However, no reports have fully quantified the GHG emissions from …

The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global
community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum …

Greenhouse gas emissions are a central environmental concern in China, and quantifying
the carbon footprint of crop production can help identify key options for mitigating …

Each year, the palm oil industry generates a significant amount of biomass residue and
effluent waste; both have been identified as significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) …

Increasing oil palm plantations, both for obtaining crude palm oil (CPO) and for the
production of biobased products, have generated growing concern about the impact of …

The oil industry needs to reduce CO2 emissions across the entire lifecycle of fossil fuels to
meet environmental regulations and societal requirements and to sustain its business. With …

Due to the rising concerns on climate issues, the transitions of fossil fuels to renewable
energy are highly promoted globally. Malaysia which has abundant sources of biomass, is …