Background Gigantomastia is a debilitating condition characterised by an excessive breast
tissue growth impacting patients' quality of life. Surgically treatment options include the …

Background Reduction mammaplasty (RM) has become established as the standard
effective method for treating macromastia, but reports on the risk factors that predispose to …

Background Inferior-central pedicle has some aesthetic drawbacks, including hypertrophic
scar along the inframammary fold (IMF), squaring of the breast contours, and propensity to …

Background Reduction mammoplasty can be performed in several different techniques.
Understanding the complication profile and risk factors in different reduction methods can …

Background Optimal reduction mammoplasty techniques to treat patients with gigantomastia
have been debated and can involve extended pedicles (EP) or free nipple grafts (FNG) …

Background Reduction mammoplasty (RM) remains one of the most common plastic
surgeries worldwide. Many different techniques have been described in the literature, each …

Background Conservative surgery and radiotherapy (CS+ RT) have become the standard of
care for early-stage breast cancer as an alternative to mastectomy. With the increasing rate …

Background The amount of tissue resection, measured in weight per breast, in breast
reduction surgery has been considered a potential risk factor for complications. Objective …

Various surgical approaches and pedicles have been described to ensure safe and
satisfactory results in reduction mammaplasty. Although different breasts require different …

Background Breast ptosis is directly caused by Cooper's ligament laxity, with the decline of
nipple areola complex (NAC) and mammary parenchyma. Breast cancer with ptosis is …