Infectious diseases are a threat to human health and a hindrance to societal development.
Consequently, the spread of diseases in both time and space has been widely studied …

Understanding the mechanisms governing host-pathogen kinetics is important and can
guide human interventions. In-host mathematical models, together with biological data, have …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is not a cure. However, recent studies suggest that ART,
initiated early during primary infection, may induce post-treatment control (PTC) of HIV …

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the qualitative behavior of HIV dynamics models
with immune impairment. The HIV particles infect both CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Both …

In this paper, we develop an HIV infection model with intracellular delay, Beddington–
DeAngelis incidence rate, saturated CTL immune response and immune impairment. We …

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of a delayed viral infection model with immune
impairment is studied. It is shown that if the basic reproductive number of the virus is less …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts with the immune cells within the human
body, where the environment is uncertain and noisy. Stochastic models can successfully …

The interplay between immune response and HIV is intensely studied via mathematical
modeling, with significant insights but few direct answers. In this short review, we highlight …

In this paper, we propose and discuss a possible mechanism, which, via continuous
mutations and evolution, eventually enables HIV to break from immune control. In order to …

In this paper, a class of virus infection models with CTLs response is considered. We
incorporate three delays with immune impairment into the virus infection model. We begin …