Synthetic genomics is the construction of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells with
synthetic genomes. It involves two basic processes: synthesis of complete genomes or …

Proteins found in nature have traditionally been the most frequently used biocatalysts to
produce numerous natural products ranging from commodity chemicals to pharmaceuticals …

Nature uses 64 codons to encode the synthesis of proteins from the genome, and chooses 1
sense codon—out of up to 6 synonyms—to encode each amino acid. Synonymous codon …

We describe complete design of a synthetic eukaryotic genome, Sc2. 0, a highly modified
Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome reduced in size by nearly 8%, with 1.1 megabases of …

Eukaryotic genomes are generally organized in multiple chromosomes. Here we have
created a functional single-chromosome yeast from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid …

INTRODUCTION Design and construction of an extensively modified yeast genome is a
direct means to interrogate the integrity, comprehensiveness, and accuracy of the …

INTRODUCTION Although much effort has been devoted to studying yeast in the past few
decades, our understanding of this model organism is still limited. Rapidly developing DNA …

Synthetic biology provides a new paradigm for life science research (“build to learn”) and
opens the future journey of biotechnology (“build to use”). Here, we discuss advances of …

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) help us to understand human pathologies
and develop new therapies, yet faithfully recapitulating human diseases in mice is …

The Sc2. 0 project is building a eukaryotic synthetic genome from scratch. A major milestone
has been achieved with all individual Sc2. 0 chromosomes assembled. Here, we describe …