Neuromodulation is an expanding area of pain medicine that incorporates an array of non-
invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical electrical therapies. In this Series paper, we focus …

Stroke disturbs both the structural and functional integrity of the brain. The understanding of
stroke pathophysiology has improved greatly in the past several decades. However …

Introduction: Epilepsy affects more than 1% of the US population, and over 30% of adults
with epilepsy do not respond to antiseizure medications without life-impacting medication …

The incidence of stroke plays the foremost role in the genesis of central neuropathic pain.
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a central pain arising from a vascular lesion in the central …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising therapy for neuropsychiatric
illnesses, including depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but has shown …

Chronic intractable pain is debilitating for those touched, affecting 5% of the population.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has fallen out of favour as the centrally implantable …

Introduction: The treatment of neuropathic and central pain still remains a major challenge.
Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) involving various target structures is a therapeutic …

Neurotechnologies for treating pain rely on electrical stimulation of the central or peripheral
nervous system to disrupt or block pain signaling and have been commercialized to treat a …

Objective A new age of neuromodulation is emerging: one of restorative neuroengineering
and neuroprosthetics. As novel device systems move toward regulatory evaluation and …

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered for patients with
intractable pain syndromes since the 1950s. Although there is substantial experience …