Sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic
and nongenomic receptors. Sex hormones can act through many cellular and molecular …

Although hormones such as glucocorticoids have been broadly accepted in recent decades
as general neuromodulators of memory processes, sex steroid hormones such as the potent …

Sex hormones have been implicated in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, dendritic
branching, myelination and other important mechanisms of neural plasticity. Here we review …

Estrogen facilitates higher cognitive functions by exerting effects on brain regions such as
the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Estrogen induces spinogenesis and synaptogenesis …

Biological differences between males and females are found at multiple levels. However,
females have too often been under-represented in behavioral neuroscience research, which …

Recent studies have provided long-sought evidence that behavioural learning involves
specific synapse gain and elimination processes, which lead to memory traces that influence …

It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In
particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as …

Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important
functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different …

Estradiol (E2) acutely potentiates glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of
both male and female rats. Here, we investigated whether E2-induced synaptic potentiation …

Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen
17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and …