This article presents a review of the effects of adverse conditions (ACs) on the perceptual,
linguistic, cognitive, and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying speech recognition …

Current theories of language comprehension posit that readers and listeners routinely try to
predict the meaning but also the visual or sound form of upcoming words. Whereas most …

We consider several key aspects of prediction in language comprehension: its
computational nature, the representational level (s) at which we predict, whether we use …

This study set out to investigate the relationship between L2 vocabulary knowledge (VK) and
second-language (L2) reading/listening comprehension. More than 100 individual studies …

An overview of language processing during reading and listening is provided. Evidence is
reviewed indicating that language processing in both domains is fast and incremental. We …

Spoken language unfolds over time. Consequently, there are brief periods of ambiguity,
when incomplete input can match many possible words. Typical listeners solve this problem …

The development of the ability to categorize speech sounds is often viewed as occurring
primarily during infancy via perceptual learning mechanisms. However, a number of studies …

Pragmatics has grown considerably in its relatively short history, from its original disciplinary
influences in philosophy and linguistics, into a multidisciplinary field that encompasses a …

Bilingual speakers often have less language experience compared to monolinguals as a
result of speaking two languages and/or a later age of acquisition of the second language …

Words are fundamental to language, linking sound, articulation, and spelling to meaning
and syntax; and lexical deficits are core to communicative disorders. Work in language …