The neck is a critical portion of the avian spine, one that works in tandem with the beak to act
as a surrogate forelimb and allows birds to manipulate their surroundings despite the lack of …

A critical stage in the development of all vertebrate embryos is the generation of the body
plan and its subsequent patterning and regionalisation along the main anterior-posterior …

Vultures and condors are among the most threatened avian species in the world due to the
impacts of human activities. Negative perceptions can contribute to these threats as some …

This paper discusses stiffness and antagonistic actuation in light-weight cable-driven bio-
inspired manipulators suitable for safe interactions. Manipulators under study are built upon …

Bird necks display unparalleled levels of morphological diversity compared to other
vertebrates, yet it is unclear what factors have structured this variation. Using three …

This paper is devoted to the control and identification of a manipulator with three anti-
parallelogram joints in series, referred to as X-joints. Each X-joint is a tensegrity one-degree …

Background The origin of birds from non-avian theropod dinosaur ancestors required a
comprehensive restructuring of the body plan to enable the evolution of powered flight. One …

Muscle-actuated control is a research topic that spans multiple domains, including
biomechanics, neuroscience, reinforcement learning, robotics, and graphics. This type of …

Some birds' necks show excellent flexible bending ability, which can be mimicked to design
bionic robot. The main challenge is how to deal with the bird neck's inherent flexibility and …

Estimating the motion between two bones is crucial for understanding their biomechanical
function. The vertebral column is particularly challenging because the vertebrae articulate at …