This is the second of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside analogue
antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as …

Conspectus Modified nucleosides show therapeutic promise for antiviral therapies.
However, issues including the emergence of drug resistance, toxicity, and coinfections have …

HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that plays a major role in the replication cycle of
HIV and has been a key target of anti-HIV drug development efforts. Because of the high …

More than 40 years into the pandemic, HIV remains a global burden and as of now, there is
no cure in sight. Fortunately, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been …

During the retrotranscription process, characteristic of all retroviruses, the viral ssRNA
genome is converted into integration‐competent dsDNA. This process is accomplished by …

Islatravir (ISL) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) that
inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcription by blocking reverse …

Oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing with
biological macromolecules in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage …

The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses
and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a …

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although treatments against HIV infection are available, AIDS …

Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA, MK-8591, islatravir) is a nucleoside reverse
transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) with exceptional potency against wild-type (WT) …