In addition to being studied for their exceptional regeneration abilities, planarians (ie,
flatworms) have also been extensively used in the context of pharmacological experiments …

Cannabis has long been used for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. With the
relatively new adoption of formal medicinal cannabis regulations worldwide, the study of …

High-throughput screening (HTS) using new approach methods is revolutionizing
toxicology. Asexual freshwater planarians are a promising invertebrate model for …

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are a chemically diverse class of commonly used
insecticides. Epidemiological studies suggest that low dose chronic prenatal and infant …

Traditional mammalian testing is too time‐and cost‐intensive to keep up with the large
number of environmental chemicals needing assessment. This has led to a dearth of …

There is a lack of data on the effects of chronic exposure to common drugs and stimulants on
the developing nervous system. Freshwater planarians have emerged as a useful …

Due to technical limitations, there have been minimal studies performed on thermal
preferences and thermotactic behaviors of aquatic ectotherm species commonly used in …

Behavioral responses of freshwater planarians have been studied for over a century. 1 In
recent decades, behavior has been used as a readout to study planarian development and …

The developing brain is more vulnerable to chemicals than the adult brain, but
environmental chemicals have only been sparingly tested for developmental neurotoxicity …

Introduction Pain mostly arises because specialized cells called nociceptors detect harmful
or potentially harmful stimuli. In lower animals with less convoluted nervous system, these …