Innate immunity is the first response to protect against pathogens and cellular insults.
Pattern recognition receptors sense pathogen-and damage-associated molecular patterns …

Caspases are a family of conserved cysteine proteases that play key roles in programmed
cell death and inflammation. In multicellular organisms, caspases are activated via …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signalling platforms that control the inflammatory response
and coordinate antimicrobial host defences. They are assembled by pattern-recognition …

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle with multiple functions. The synthesis of
transmembrane proteins and proteins that are to be secreted occurs in this organelle. Many …

Inflammatory caspases play a central role in innate immunity by responding to cytosolic
signals and initiating a twofold response. First, caspase‐1 induces the activation and …

Caspases are proteases with a well-defined role in apoptosis. However, increasing
evidence indicates multiple functions of caspases outside apoptosis. Caspase-1 and …

Inflammatory and apoptotic caspases are central players in inflammation and apoptosis,
respectively. However, recent studies have revealed that these caspases have functions …

Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms and
sterile stressors, and that activate the highly pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL …

Caspases are a family of endoproteases that provide critical links in cell regulatory networks
controlling inflammation and cell death. The activation of these enzymes is tightly controlled …

Background For several decades, intermediate metabolism and signal transduction have
been considered two independent entities. On one side stood the catabolic and anabolic …