Antibodies are the cardinal effector molecules of the immune system and are being
leveraged with enormous success as biotherapeutic drugs. A key part of the adaptive …

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a mechanism by which the pathogenesis of
certain viral infections is enhanced in the presence of sub-neutralizing or cross-reactive non …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections
and hospitalization in infants under 1 year of age and there is currently no market-approved …

Abstract Development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has suffered from an
incomplete understanding of the correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis …

During the past two decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has evolved from relatively
nonspecific cytotoxic agents to selective, mechanism-based therapeutics. Cancer …

The discovery of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) as negative regulators of antitumour immunity led to …

Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not
only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various …

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages use various receptors to recognize foreign antigens
and to receive feedback control from adaptive immune cells. Although it was long believed …

The cellular uptake, intracellular processing, and presentation of foreign antigen are crucial
processes for eliciting an effective adaptive host response to the majority of pathogens. The …

In addition to their role in binding antigen, antibodies can regulate immune responses
through interacting with Fc receptors (FcRs). In recent years, significant progress has been …