Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the
lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns …

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood. From the circulation, they are quickly
mobilized to sites of inflammation and/or infection. At the affected tissues, neutrophils display …

Saponins are potent and safe vaccine adjuvants, but their mechanisms of action remain
incompletely understood. Here, we explored the properties of several saponin formulations …

The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue,
which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in …

Neutrophil migration and its role during inflammation has been the focus of increased
interest in the past decade. Advances in live imaging and the use of new model systems …

Neutrophils have long been considered as cells playing a crucial role in the immune
defence against invading pathogens. Accumulating evidence strongly supported the direct …

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the phagocytic system that act as first line
of host defense against invading pathogens but are also important mediators of …

Intercellular communication mediated by cytokines is the main mechanism by which cells of
the immune system talk to each other. Many aspects of cytokine signalling in the immune …

Acute inflammation is a localized and self-limited innate host-defense mechanism against
invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in …

The influx and efflux of cells and antigens to and from the draining lymph nodes largely take
place through the subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinus systems. Recent analyses in …