Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of ligands elicit their biological effects by
initiating new programs of gene expression. The best understood signal transducers for …

The discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s for the regulation of bone
resorption has led to major advances in our understanding of how bone modeling and …

RUNX2 is a multifunctional transcription factor that controls skeletal development by
regulating the differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts and the expression of many …

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for endochondral bone formation.
However, whether or not the effects of BMPs are mediated via canonical Smad pathways or …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in end-stage renal diseases and is predictive of
cardiovascular events and mortality. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition or …

Runx2 is essential for osteoblast development and proper bone formation. A member of the
Runt domain family of transcription factors, Runx2 binds specific DNA sequences to regulate …

Hypertrophic chondrocytes are the master regulators of endochondral ossification; however,
their ultimate cell fates cells remain largely elusive due to their transient nature. Historically …

Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic
bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the …

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying canonical Wnt‐mediated regulation
of chondrocyte hypertrophy using chick upper sternal chondrocytes. Replication competent …