We review the observations and the basic laws describing the essential aspects of collective
motion—being one of the most common and spectacular manifestation of coordinated …

Fish schooling is a phenomenon of long-lasting interest in ethology and ecology, widely
spread across taxa and ecological contexts, and has attracted much interest from statistical …

Flocking behaviour is often presented as an example of a self-organized process, where
individuals continuously negotiate on the direction of travel and compromise by moving …

Collective motion, where large numbers of individuals move synchronously together, is
achieved when individuals adopt interaction rules that determine how they respond to their …

The scientific study of networks-computer, social, and biological-has received an enormous
amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the …

The striking patterns of collective animal behavior, including ant trails, bird flocks, and fish
schools, can result from local interactions among animals without centralized control …

Complex patterns of collective behaviour may emerge through self-organization, from local
interactions among individuals in a group. To understand what behavioural rules underlie …

A variety of simple models has been proposed to understand the collective motion of
animals. These models can be insightful but may lack important elements necessary to …

Global patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools, and human crowds are
thought to emerge from local interactions within a neighborhood of interaction, the zone in …

Recent empirical and theoretical works on collective behaviors based on a topological
interaction are beginning to offer some explanations as for the physical reasons behind the …