Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Marine population modeling, which underpins the scientific advice to support fisheries
interventions, is an active research field with recent advancements to address modern …

The polar regions, notably the Arctic and maritime Antarctic, are experiencing impacts from
climate change at magnitudes and rates that are among the highest in the world, and will …

Humans have relied on coastal resources for centuries. However, current growth in
population and increased accessibility of coastal resources through technology have …

Under future climate change, modification of temperature and salinity are expected to result
in distribution shifts of marine organisms, including commercial fish and shellfish. Changes …

The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose
environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas …

Earth's wilderness areas are reservoirs of genetic information and carbon storage systems,
and are vital to reducing extinction risks. Retaining the conservation value of these areas is …

The oceans face a range of complex challenges for which the impacts on society are highly
uncertain but mostly negative. Tackling these challenges is testing society's capacity to …

In the face of climate change, Western environmental research and governance processes
and institutions are increasingly seeking to learn from and harness Indigenous peoples …