Cigarette smoke (CS) causes considerable morbidity and mortality by inducing cancer,
chronic lung and vascular diseases, and oral disease. Despite the well-recognized risks …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome associated
with abnormal inflammatory immune responses of the lung to noxious particles and gases …

Chronic liver disease when accompanied by underlying fibrosis, is characterized by an
accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and chronic inflammation. Although …

The current epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has produced a
worldwide health care burden, approaching that imposed by transmittable infectious …

Elastin is an important protein of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates, which confers
elasticity and resilience to various tissues and organs including lungs, skin, large blood …

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both obstructive airway
diseases that involve chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract, but the type of …

This review is an account of how pulmonary damage caused by cigarette smoke and other
environmental toxins can incite inflammatory and immunologic reactions that culminate in …

A complex and multilayered immune defence system protects the host against harmful
agents and maintains tissue homeostasis. Cigarette smoke ex posure markedly impacts the …

The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate
and adaptive inflammatory immune response to the inhalation of toxic particles and gases …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of death and morbidity
worldwide, is characterized by expiratory airflow limitation that is not fully reversible …