Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms
despite≥ 2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with …

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) often results in severe disability and functional
impairment. Currently, the diagnosis of TRS is largely exclusionary and emphasizes the …

Recent studies have shown that physical activities can prevent aging-related
neurodegeneration. Exercise improves the metabolic landscape of the body. However, the …

Background Oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammatory pathways play an important role
in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study investigated the relationship …

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is often associated with severe burden of disease,
poor quality of life and functional impairment. Clozapine is the gold standard for the …

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 23 million
people worldwide. It is considered the eighth leading cause of disability according to the …

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) has been suggested to involve
glutamatergic dysfunction. Glutathione (GSH), a dominant antioxidant, is known to be …

Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress in a range of diseases, yet no objective
measurement has emerged that characterizes the global nature of oxidative stress …

Background Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important antioxidant enzyme in the
body. The weakening of the antioxidant system causes damage to the cells and tissues that …

Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in carcinogenesis, and cellular
antioxidant systems are important for detoxifying ROS and reversing oxidant-mediated …