Soft robotics is an emerging technology requiring conductive materials with inherently high
compliance to sense, control or actuate. Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene …

In this review, we provide a brief history, progress, and applications, and discuss the
remaining challenges of photocontrolled reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer …

Mechanical metamaterials are a class of functional materials with designability and
extraordinary mechanical properties. Due to the manufacturing limitation of traditional …

Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Micro/nano functional devices featuring deep integration, intelligence, and miniaturization
have attracted considerable attention in frontier areas of research, such as micro/nano …

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing
technologies. It has gained significant attention among academia as well as industry due to …

Synthesis and manufacturing of polymers and their composites have been a topic of interest
recently in research and development owing to their wide margin of superiority over …

Being the earliest form of additive manufacturing, stereolithography (SLA) fabricates 3D
objects by selectively solidifying the liquid resin through a photopolymerization reaction. The …

Soft polymer materials, which are similar to human tissues, have played critical roles in
modern interdisciplinary research. Compared with conventional methods, 3D printing allows …

Abstract 3D and 4D printing are cutting-edge technologies for precise and expedited
manufacturing of objects ranging from plastic to metal. Recent advances in 3D and 4D …