Despite being collectively among the most frequent congenital developmental conditions
worldwide, differences of sex development (DSD) lack recognition and research funding. As …

Research policies aiming to integrate sex and gender in scientific studies are receiving
increased attention in academia. Incorporating these policies into health research is …

This paper develops the conceptual framework of" sex contextualism" for the study of sex-
related variables in biomedical research. Sex contextualism offers an alternative to binary …

In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female
athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a …

Synopsis “Sex” is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits of an
organism related to reproduction. However, these traits—gamete type, chromosomal …

24 DECEMBER 2021• VOL 374 ISSUE 6575 1569 SCIENCE science. org as context-
dependent categories with flexible associations to multiple variables (such as, but not limited …

Elite and semielite athletes commonly experience mental health concerns and disorders.
Compared with men athletes, women athletes are at greater risk of a range of psychological …

Abstract In April 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) released
new regulations placing a ceiling on women athletes' natural testosterone levels to “ensure …

Sporting communities remain entangled in debate over whether and how to include
transgender and intersex athletes in competition with cisgender athletes. Of particular …

A psychology of women textbook that fully integrates transgender research, issues, and
concerns! With clear, comprehensive, and cutting-edge coverage, The Psychology of …