Macrophages play an essential role not only in mediating the first line of defense but also in
maintaining tissue homeostasis. In response to extrinsic factors derived from a given tissue …

More than 100 years have passed since Elie Metchnikoff discovered macrophage. Over the
recent decade, attracting information about macrophage polarization have been reported …

Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages contribute to both host defense and pathology.
Multiple macrophage phenotypes are represented in diseased tissues, but we lack deep …

Background and Aim. Lipedema is a common painful SAT disorder characterized by
enlargement of fat primarily in the legs of women. Case reports of lipedema tissue samples …

Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it
secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As …

Macrophages are ubiquitously present innate immune cells in humans and animals
belonging to both invertebrates and vertebrates. These cells were first recognized by Elia …

Several attempts have been made, by the scientific community, to develop a unifying
hypothesis that explains the clinical syndrome of heart failure (HF). The currently widely …

Abstract Aims Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is an important regulator of
immunoinflammatory responses. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated that CB2R was …

Mammalian skin, the outer covering of the body, is composed of three layers, ie the
epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT). While the …

Neuro-immune communication has gained enormous interest in recent years due to
increasing knowledge of the way in which the brain coordinates functional alterations in …