Abstract Long Term Evolution (LTE) of (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is one
of the modern steps in series of mobile telecommunications systems. That appears to be a …

Lightweight ciphers are defined as symmetric ciphers. They could be categorized into
stream and block ciphers. A stream cipher is faster and less complex than block ciphers so it …

In today's era of computer, the most important aspect for data is its security. This is very much
essential when the data is traveling through various mechanisms of wired and wireless …

There is a demand for a digital currency that facilitates remote trading over the Internet and
strives to reduce external control, ensuring that transactions are conducted only between …

While the A5/1 stream cipher encryption is known to aid in providing security and privacy for
the mobile communication, it actually has numerous security vulnerabilities that leave it …

The rapid rise of blockchain has stirred up a lot of interest lately. It's not just about
cryptocurrencies anymore; people are excited about how it could help with big global issues …

Since 2021, social networks and virtual worlds have seen a major increase in popularity of
the metaverse idea. With the use of numerous technologies, the metaverse promises to …

This paper is a study on the hardware implementation of the modified A5/1 stream cipher
used for Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication. While software simulation is one …