Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …

In this study (trial registration: NCT02166021), we aimed to evaluate the optimal way of
administration, the safety and the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) …

Background Although several disease-modifying treatments are available for relapsing
multiple sclerosis, treatment effects have been more modest in progressive multiple …

Background The safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
were shown in the phase 3 ORATORIO trial. In this study, we assessed the effects of …

Multiple sclerosis is a major cause of neurological disability, which accrues predominantly
during progressive forms of the disease. Although development of multifocal inflammatory …

In recent years, several studies have examined the potential associations between
mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory activity that results in destruction of the
myelin sheaths that enwrap axons. The currently available medications for multiple sclerosis …

Using a philosophical approach or deductive reasoning, we challenge the dominant clinico-
radiological worldview that defines multiple sclerosis (MS) as a focal inflammatory disease …