Minimally invasive spine procedures have undergone rapid development during the last
decade. Efforts to decrease muscle crush injuries during prolonged retraction, avoid …

Study Design: International consensus paper on a unified nomenclature for full-endoscopic
spine surgery. Objectives: Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal procedures have …

For all the spine surgeons, thoracic disc herniations (TDHs) entrust a real challenge in terms
of patient diagnosis, proper selection, surgical technique, and potential adverse events …

There is increasing trend of spine surgeries performed with uniportal and biportal
endoscopic spine surgery. Despite its good outcomes and supportive literature, the …

Introduction Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice in patients with thoracic disc
herniation with refractory symptoms and progressive myelopathy. Due to high occurrence of …

Objective To evaluate the incidence and outcomes of incidental durotomy in transforaminal
endoscopic spine surgery. Methods Transforaminal lumbar endoscopic procedures were …

Endoscopic spine surgery has started replacing conventional microdiscectomy in various
centers across the globe. With development in the field of optics and instrumentation, the …

Background Surgical management of lateral lumbar radiculopathy is evolving. TMD (Tubular
microdiscectomy) and TELD (Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy) have emerged …

Background Emerging technologies in minimally invasive spinal surgery include surgical
robots for navigation and spinal endoscopy. We applied these technologies in concert to …

Fully endoscopic lumbar surgery has emerged as an alternative technique to classic open
microscopic laminectomy or discectomy. It is gaining popularity due to its advantages in …