Summary 1 Top‐down control can be an important determinant of ecosystem structure and
function, but in oceanic ecosystems, where cascading effects of predator depletions …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

As human activities intensify, the structures of ecosystems and their food webs often
reorganize. Through the study of mesocosms harboring a diverse benthic coastal …

Marine ecosystems such as the Baltic Sea are currently under strong atmospheric and
anthropogenic pressure. Besides natural and human‐induced changes in climate, major …

Seals and fish-eating birds have increased in the Baltic Sea and there is concern that they
compete with fisheries. Using data from around year 2010, we compare consumption of …

A bstract The ecosystems of coastal and enclosed seas are under increasing anthropogenic
pressure worldwide, with Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico and the Black and Baltic Seas …

Anthropogenic disturbances intertwined with climatic changes can have a large impact on
the upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems, which may cascade down the food web. So …

Ecosim models have been fitted to time-series data for a wide variety of ecosystems for
which there are long-term data that confirm the models' ability to reproduce past responses …

We performed a global assessment of how fish biomass has changed over the last 100 yr,
applying a previously developed methodology using ecological modeling. Our assessment …

Functioning of the Black Sea ecosystem has profoundly changed since the early 1970s
under cumulative effects of excessive nutrient enrichment, strong cooling/warming, over …