The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with
approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this …

In response to extracellular stimuli, the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)
pathway regulates diverse cellular processes. While mainly known as a mitogenic signaling …

Background: Control of ER-mitochondrial Ca 2+ fluxes is a critical checkpoint to determine
cell fate under stress. The 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) is a key tether protein …

The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are a group of highly conserved and inducible
heat shock proteins. One of the main functions of HSP70s is to act as molecular chaperones …

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer with limited treatment option in
males. Although the reactivation of embryonic signals in adult cells is one of the …

Cancer cells preferentially accumulate iron (Fe) relative to non-malignant cells; however, the
underlying rationale remains elusive. Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are critical cofactors that …

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, a heterodimer of alpha (HIF‐1α) and beta (HIF‐1β or ARNT)
subunits, is a major regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. However, HIF‐1α …

Ischemic stroke is a life‑threatening disease, which is closely related to neuron damage
during ischemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is essentially involved in the pathophysiological …

Ubiquitin proteasome activity is suppressed in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cells,
and the heat shock protein 70/STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 …

Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a peptide-proline cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) distributed in the
mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates the opening of the mitochondrial permeability …