DNA, the fundamental genetic polymer of all living organisms on Earth, can be chemically
modified to embrace novel functions that do not exist in nature. The key chemical and …

Xeno nucleic acids (XNA) are an increasingly important class of hypermodified nucleic acids
with great potential in bioorganic chemistry and synthetic biology. Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) …

The pursuit of understanding the origins of life (OoL) on and off Earth and the search for
extraterrestrial life (ET) are central aspects of astrobiology. Despite the considerable efforts …

Organometallic modifications of biologically important compounds such as drugs, secondary
natural products, peptides, and nucleic acids, to name just a few, represent a well …

The natural aversion to the concept of disease and especially the prospect of human-
perpetrated disease, for gain or for power has resulted in a weird set of reflexes within the …

Despite billions of years of evolution, there have been only minor changes in the number
and types of proteinogenic amino acids and the standard genetic code with codon …

The biote-bot hybrid. The ultimate biothreat merging nanobots, AI-enabled cybernetics and
synthetic biology Page 1 Perspective The biote-bot hybrid. The ultimate biothreat merging …

The knowledge pertaining to the chemistry and biological activity of glycol nucleic acid
(GNA) components, like nucleosides and nucleotides, is still very limited. Herein we report …

We envision the convergence of synthetic biology (SynBio) and metagenomics as a
significant development for the engineering of complex biological systems. The entire …

Genetic code engineering aims to produce organisms that translate genetic information in a
different way from that prescribed by the standard genetic code. This endeavor could …