Abstract Chromosomal abnormalities occur in 0.1% to 0.2% of live births, and the most
common clinically significant aneuploidy among live-born infants is Down syndrome (trisomy …

This review summarizes the development, history and use of second‐trimester sonographic
markers for the detection of fetal Down syndrome over three decades. Starting with the …

The genetic sonogram, a fetal anatomic survey targeted at identifying features associated
with aneuploidy, is carried out between 15 and 20 weeks' gestation. It has evolved as an …

Background Many issues need to be studied regarding pregnant women during the SARS-
CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess fetal growth, fetal …

Objective. To evaluate the risk of Down syndrome in fetuses with a heart echogenic focus
using the Bayes theorem and likelihood ratios in an unselected population. Methods. We …

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an echogenic intracardiac
focus (EIF) on the risk for fetal trisomy 21 (T21) in populations with differing prevalence of …

Ultrasound has truly revolutionized the practice of obstetrics. It is hard to imagine an era not
too long ago where undiagnosed twins and term breeches were common. As amazing as it …

Echogenic intracardiac foci are a second trimester marker associated with aneuploidy in
high-risk populations. The objective of this study is to assess the validity of echogenic …

The origin of ICEF remains unclear. It is considered a normal developmental variant, but
either inflammatory or hypoxic processes could be involved in its appearance. In low-risk …

Ultrasound soft markers are commonly reported at mid‐trimester ultrasounds. Soft markers
frequently arouse anxiety in the patient, her family, and the referring clinician. Recent …