Purpose: To create a systematic overview of the available reconstructive techniques, facial
nerve grading scales, physical evaluation, the reversibility of paralysis, non-reconstructive …

Background In the last decade, some institutions have begun combining the CFNG and
masseteric nerve to provide dual innervation to the gracilis muscle for dynamic facial …

Background: Free functional muscle transfer to the face is a standard of facial animation. The
contralateral facial nerve, via a cross-face nerve graft, provides spontaneous innervation for …

Importance Facial paralysis can contribute to disfigurement, psychological difficulties, and
an inability to convey emotion via facial expression. In patients unable to perform a …

Background: Tools to quantify layperson assessments of facial palsy are lacking. In this
study, artificial intelligence was applied to develop a proxy for layperson assessments, and …

Background: The treatment of long-standing facial palsy represents a challenge for the
reconstructive surgeon. Treatment is based on dynamic procedures such as functional …

Recently, 1-stage double innervation with the masseter nerve and the cross-face nerve graft
(CFNG) has gained popularity owing to its outcomes of powerful and synchronous muscle …

Facial palsy (FP) is a devastating condition with profound functional, aesthetic, and
psychosocial implications. Injury to the facial nerve disrupts the complex association …

Spontaneity Assessment in Dually Innervated Gracilis Smile Reanimation Surgery | JAMA Facial
Plastic Surgery Mary Ann Liebert Logo This Journal Anywhere Quick Search in Journals Enter …

Background Development of synkinesis, hypertonicity, and poor smile excursion after facial
nerve insult and recovery contribute to disfigurement, psychological difficulties, and an …