Continuous increase in world's population, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and
economic growth force for continuously increase in fossil fuel consumption to meet growing …

The ever-detrimental condition of the environment due to the fossil fuel utilization has
catalyzed the development of biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced mainly via transesterification …

The drastic rise in global warming and the fossil fuel consumption have resulted in
destruction of the ecological balance, reduction of the environmental quality, and demotion …

Diesel engines are preferred over spark ignition counterparts for heavy-duty applications
and power generation plants because of their higher efficiency, durability, and productivity …

Ever-increasing pollution, high surge in energy demand and depletion of fossil fuel reserves
has triggered the issue of non-uniform supply and demand of conventional fuels. This issue …

Highlights•Biofuel will play an important role in meeting the world's energy need in the
future.•First generation biofuels cannot replace fossil fuel due to competition with food …

Many researchers delve for an alternative fuel to overcome the fossil fuel crisis. Developed
countries have embarked focus on renewable energy like wind energy, geothermal, biofuel …

Continuously growing world's energy demand and global climate change due to green
house gas emissions have created need to find out renewable and sustainable energy …

Due to the finite stock of fossil fuels and its negative impact on the environment, many
countries across the world are now leaning toward renewable sources energies like solar …

Transportation and shipping activities are major contributor to air pollution at sea where
most of it occurs as a result of exhaust emissions from ships. Stringent emission limitations …