The development of effective combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) led to a significant
reduction in the death rate associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) …

Approximately 37 million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). One highly significant complication of HIV infection is the development of HIV …

The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in energy supply. Defects in glucose utilization
and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of nearly all neurodegenerative diseases and …

Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on …

The success of anti-retroviral therapy has improved the quality of life and lifespan of HIV+
individuals, transforming HIV infection into a chronic condition. These improvements have …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly comorbid with HIV infection, necessitating an
understanding of the interactive effects of drug exposure and HIV. The relationship between …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic condition, lengthening and
improving the lives of individuals living with this virus. Despite successful suppression of HIV …

The productive infection of HIV, which generates new viral progeny, depends on the
activation status of the cell. In this study, we found cocaine exposure sensitizes partially …

Substance use complicates HIV care and prevention. Primary care clinics are an ideal
setting to screen for and offer interventions for unhealthy alcohol and drug use; however, few …

Illicit drug users are a high-risk population for infection with the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV). A strong correlation exists between prohibited drug use and an increased rate of …