The comparison of the immunological state of pregnancy to an immunosuppressed host–
graft model continues to lead research and clinical practice to ill-defined approaches. This …

The" holobiont" concept, defined as the collective contribution of the eukaryotic and
prokaryotic counterparts to the multicellular organism, introduces a complex definition of …

The complex communities of microorganisms that colonise the human gastrointestinal tract
play an important role in human health. The development of culture-independent molecular …

Chorioamnionitis is a common complication of pregnancy associated with significant
maternal, perinatal, and long-term adverse outcomes. Adverse maternal outcomes include …

The developmental origin of health and disease highlights the importance of the period of
the first 1000 days (from the conception to the 2 years of life). The process of the gut …

The role of human microbiota has been redefined during recent years and its physiological
role is now much more important than earlier understood. Intestinal microbial colonization is …

Aims: Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are part of the human normal intestinal microbiota and
may possibly be transferred to the placenta. It was hypothesized that intestinal bacteria or …

Intra-amniotic infection and inflammation are major causes of preterm birth (PTB). However,
intra-amniotic inflammation is often detected in the absence of infection. This may partly be …

It has long been assumed that establishment of the fetal microbiome commences with the
birthing process. However, recent studies have found bacterial DNA in umbilical cord blood …

Background Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age
women, increasing the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery …