Challenges facing copper‐plated metallisation for silicon photovoltaics: Insights from integrated circuit technology development

A Lennon, J Colwell, KP Rodbell - Progress in Photovoltaics …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Copper‐plated interconnects were widely adopted for volume manufacture of integrated
circuits after more than a decade of intensive research to demonstrate that use of Cu would …

Degradation of plated silicon solar module due to copper diffusion: The role of capping layer formation and contact adhesion

B Phua, X Shen, PC Hsiao, C Kong, A Stokes… - Solar Energy Materials …, 2020 - Elsevier
Copper plating can provide significant cost savings over screen printed Ag for industrially
produced Si photovoltaic modules, however concerns exist with regard to the durability of …

Plated metal adhesion to picosecond laser-ablated silicon solar cells: Influence of surface chemistry and wettability

X Shen, PC Hsiao, B Phua, A Stokes… - Solar Energy Materials …, 2020 - Elsevier
This study investigated the influence of UV picosecond laser fluence, used to ablate the SiN
x antireflection coating for Ni/Cu/Ag plated p-type Si solar cells, on busbar and finger …

Untangling the mysteries of plated metal finger adhesion: understanding the contributions from plating rate, chemistry, grid geometry, and sintering

X Wang, PC Hsiao, W Zhang… - IEEE Journal of …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Historically, busbar pull tests have been used as a measure of metal–silicon adhesion for
silicon solar cells; however, such measurements cannot be easily applied to evaluate finger …

Improved metal adhesion with galvanic nickel plating to silicon solar cells

J Rodriguez, W Zhang, S Lim, A Lennon - Solar Energy Materials and Solar …, 2017 - Elsevier
Nickel galvanic displacement (NiGD) plating to silicon surfaces allows for the deposition of
self-limiting sub-micron nickel layers. This paper reports the use of NiGD plating as an …

Towards a more reliable manufacturing future–Automatic classification of failure modes during adhesion testing of silicon solar cells

B Phua, PC Hsiao, X Wang, A Lennon - Solar Energy, 2019 - Elsevier
Busbar pull tests are the generally accepted method of measuring metal-silicon adhesion for
silicon solar cells. However, this method cannot be used to measure metal finger adhesion …

Microcharacterization of Interface Oxide Layer on Laser-Structured Silicon Surfaces of Plated Ni–Cu Solar Cells

A Büchler, B Grübel, V Arya… - IEEE Journal of …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Light-induced plating on laser-structured passivation layer openings is an alternative
method to silver screen printing for fabrication of the front-side metal grid on silicon solar …

Post-plating annealing of light induced plated copper fingers: Implications for reliable metallization

N Song, PC Hsiao, W Zhang, X Wang, J Colwell, Z Li… - Energy Procedia, 2016 - Elsevier
Light-induced plating (LIP) of Ni/Cu presents a potentially lower-cost alternative to screen-
printed Ag for silicon solar cell metallization. This paper presents results of self-annealing …

Optimized Adhesion of Plated Silicon Solar Cell Contacts by F2‐Based Dry Atmospheric Pressure Nano‐Roughening

A Büchler, B Kafle, J Weber, F Meyer… - … status solidi (a), 2018 - Wiley Online Library
The adhesion of a plated layer on a substrate is increased by an appropriate roughness at
the interface. The paper reports on plated Ni‐Cu‐Ag contacts for silicon solar cells deposited …

[PDF][PDF] Plated Metallisation for Silicon Solar Cells: A Deeper Dive into the Importance of Contact Adhesion

B Phua - 2022 - unsworks.unsw.edu.au
Electrical contact formation is required for the transport of generated current from solar cells.
Currently, Ag screen printing is the dominant metallisation method, but it accounts for~ 60 …