Abstract Background: Recent Food and Drug Administration legislation enables the
mandating of product performance standards for cigarette smoke and the evaluation of …

Evidence points to the endogenous opioid system, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in
particular, in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including nicotine. A single …

Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) are marketed as a means to reduce exposure
to tobacco toxicants. Quest® cigarettes, a new type of PREP, use genetically modified …

Background: Variability in smoking behavior is partly attributable to heritable individual
differences in nicotine clearance rates. This can be assessed as the ratio of the metabolites …

Background: Cigarettes are being marketed with filters that differ in composition and design.
The filters have different toxicant trapping efficiencies, and smoking stains reflect variations …

Background: As part of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the US
Food and Drug Administration charged the Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee …

Nicotine is metabolized into biologically inactive cotinine primarily by the cytochrome P450
enzyme CYP2A6. CYP2A6 genetic variations have been phenotypically grouped as slow …

It is known that puffing conditions such as puff volume, duration, and frequency vary
substantially among individual smokers. This study investigates how these parameters affect …

Background There has been an increase in the use of cigarillos in the US. People who
smoke cigarillos typically also regularly smoke cigarettes (dual users). Methods We …

Background Although numerous studies have documented the prevalence and increasing
use of little cigars and other cigar products, the present study is the first direct, head-to-head …