The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led
to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and-synthetic …

Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. As a critical energy source for mitochondrial
respiration, lactate also acts as a precursor of gluconeogenesis and a signaling molecule …

During an inflammatory process, shift in the cellular metabolism associated with an increase
in extracellular acidification are well-known features. This pH drop in the inflamed tissue is …

Like other autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops in distinct stages, with
each phase of disease linked to immune cell dysfunction. HLA class II genes confer the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial
inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability …

Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, efficiently functions as the carbon source, signaling
molecules and immune regulators. Lactylation, being regulated by lactate, has recently been …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled
synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific …

Mitochondria are major energy-producing organelles that have central roles in cellular
metabolism. They also act as important signalling hubs, and their dynamic regulation in …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by local and
systemic inflammation where the close interaction between immune cells and soluble …