SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors produce a distinctive pattern of benefits
on the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, which is …

The onset of heart failure is typically preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, a response of the
heart to increased workload, a cardiac insult such as a heart attack or genetic mutation …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To
maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with …

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart
responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging …

Ca2+ plays a crucial role in connecting membrane excitability with contraction in
myocardium. The hallmark features of heart failure are mechanical dysfunction and …

The heart is capable of responding to stressful situations by increasing muscle mass, which
is broadly defined as cardiac hypertrophy. This phenomenon minimizes ventricular wall …

This review explains how the heart responds to physiologic or pathologic conditions.
Exercise, pregnancy, and postnatal growth cause physiologic growth; neurohumoral …

Although the concept of energy starvation in the failing heart was proposed decades ago,
still very little is known about the origin of energetic failure. Recent advances in molecular …

Although increased external load initially induces cardiac hypertrophy with preserved
contractility, sustained overload eventually leads to heart failure through poorly understood …