Venomous animals have evolved a vast array of peptide toxins for prey capture and
defence. These peptides are directed against a wide variety of pharmacological targets …

Peptide therapeutics are acclaimed as a promising addition to the pharmaceutical arena,
and they continue to attract interest due to their high potency, bioavailability, and fewer …

Purpose: We investigated the effect of the new antiepileptic drug (AED) levetiracetam (LEV)
on different types of high‐voltage–activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels in freshly isolated CA1 …

Marine drugs have developed rapidly in recent decades. Cone snails, a group of more than
700 species, have always been one of the focuses for new drug discovery. These venomous …

The last few years have brought about many changes in the field of marine and freshwater
toxins, with advances in analytical technology and the realization that these toxins are a …

Animal toxins acting on ion channels of excitable cells are principally highly potent short
peptides that are present in limited amounts in the venoms of various unrelated species …

ω-Conotoxins selective for N-type calcium channels are useful in the management of severe
pain. In an attempt to expand the therapeutic potential of this class, four new ω-conotoxins …

Over two decades of research on venom peptides derived from cone snails (“conopeptides
or conotoxins”) has led to several compounds that have reached human clinical trials, most …

Agents which decrease conductance of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels have been
shown to attenuate measures of neuropathic pain in animal models and to provide symptom …

In the four decades since toxinologists in Australia and elsewhere started to investigate the
active constituents of venomous cone snails, a wealth of information has emerged on the …