Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-
stranded RNA viruses. They are found in many mammals and birds and have great …

Enteroviruses (EVs) are responsible for extremely large-scale, periodic epidemics in
pediatric cohorts, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Clinical presentation includes a …

We report an emergence and increase in poliovirus type 2 detection via routine wastewater
surveillance in three non-overlapping regions in the Jerusalem region, Israel, between April …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have very large RNA viral genomes with a distinct genomic
architecture of core and accessory open reading frames (ORFs). It is of utmost importance to …

RNA recombination is a major driving force in the evolution and genetic architecture shaping
of enteroviruses. In particular, intertypic recombination is implicated in the emergence of …

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most
predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to …

Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Over 30 different genotypes,
mostly from genogroup I (GI) and II (GII), have been shown to infect humans. Despite three …

Enteroviruses (EVs) are an important source of infection in the paediatric age, with most
cases concerning the neonatal age and early infancy. Molecular epidemiology is crucial to …

Enterovirus (EV) 71 caused episodes of outbreaks in China and Southeast Asia during the
last few decades. We have previously reported that EV71 induces reactive oxygen species …

Members of Picornaviridae and of the Hepacivirus, Pegivirus and Pestivirus genera of
Flaviviridae all contain an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5′-untranslated region …