Human activities, global warming, frequent extreme weather events, and changes in
atmospheric composition affect the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, affect mass …

Accurate downward shortwave radiation (DSR) data is essential for the utilization of solar
energy resources. However, existing various DSR data have certain limitations in …

Averaging reflected solar radiation (RSR) over the whole year/hemisphere may mask the
inter-month-/region-specific signals, limiting the investigation of spatiotemporal mechanisms …

Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate various components of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) as …

China's demand for solar energy has been growing rapidly to meet energy transformation
targets. However, the potential of solar energy is affected by weather conditions and is …

Evidence of climate change can be observed in multiple climate variables, including air
temperature rises and precipitation pattern changes. To manage water resources and …

The hemispheric symmetry of planetary albedo (PA) is crucial for the Earth's energy budget.
However, our understanding of hemispheric albedo is still limited, particularly regarding its …

Hemispheric and interannual Averaging variations of reflected solar radiation (RSR) over
the whole year/hemisphere may mask the inter-month and/region-specific signals, limiting …

abstract Decadal prediction, also known as “near-term climate prediction”, aims to forecast
climate changes in the next 1–10 years and is a new focus in the fields of climate prediction …