The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast
number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range …

The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and related metabolic
disorders has been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Apart from the …

The pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 senses bacterial muropeptides to regulate host
immunity and maintain homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in NOD2 are associated …

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in
critically ill patients and is defined by the acute onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema …

The human gut is densely populated by commensal and symbiotic microbes (the “gut
microbiota”), with the majority of the constituent microorganisms being bacteria …

The inflammasome is a three-component (sensor, adaptor, and effector) filamentous
signaling platform that shields from multiple pathogenic infections by stimulating the …

Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the
microbiota (microbiome), and, in parallel, functional studies are being performed to analyze …

Recently, substantial advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been made owing to three related lines of …

The innate immune system in drosophila and mammals senses the invasion of
microorganisms using the family of Toll receptors, stimulation of which initiates a range of …

Immunity in higher organisms can be broadly categorized into adaptive immunity and innate
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …