BACKGROUND The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans
now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including …

The genus Echinococcus is composed of eight generally recognized species and one
genotypic cluster (Echinococcus canadensis cluster) that may in future be resolved into one …

A great challenge for ecology in the coming decades is to understand the role humans play
in eco-evolutionary dynamics. If, as emerging evidence shows, rapid evolutionary change …

Aim Predators often have important roles in structuring ecosystems via their effects on each
other and on prey populations. However, these effects may be altered in the presence of …

The patterns of biodiversity changes in cities are now fairly well established, although
diversity changes in temperate cities are much better studied than cities in other climate …

Rapid urbanization has become an area of crucial concern in conservation owing to the
radical changes in habitat structure and loss of species engendered by urban and suburban …

Artificial selection is the selection of advantageous natural variation for human ends and is
the mechanism by which most domestic species evolved. Most domesticates have their …

Carnivore guilds play a vital role in ecological communities by cascading trophic effects,
energy and nutrient transfer, and stabilizing or destabilizing food webs. Consequently, the …

During the last 100 years in many countries of the world, there have been dramatic changes
in natural/rural landscapes due to urbanization. Since many wildlife species are unable to …

The close emotional tie between people and companion animals is a beneficial relation
known as the human–animal bond. However, pet dogs and cats can play an important role …