Importance Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of
long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious …

A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a
subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through …

This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those
prescribing opioids, for outpatients aged≥ 18 years. It updates the CDC Guideline for …

The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse,... : Medical Care The
Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse, and Dependence in the United …

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing an opioid overdose epidemic.
Treatment use data from diverse racial/ethnic groups with opioid use disorder (OUD) are …

Objective: The authors present 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, psychiatric
comorbidity, and treatment of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and DSM-5 …

The past few decades have seen an alarming rise in opioid use in the United States, and the
negative consequences from diversion of opioids for nontherapeutic use are dramatically …

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and disparity of chronic
opioid usage in surgical patients and the potential risk factors associated with chronic opioid …

The historical patterns of opiate use show that sources and methods of access greatly
influence who is at risk. Today, there is evidence that an enormous increase in the …

Between 2002 and 2007, the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers grew from 11.0
million to 12.5 million people in the United States. Societal costs attributable to prescription …