The wash-in effect and its significance for mass casualty decontamination

T James, L Izon-Cooper, S Collins, H Cole… - Journal of Toxicology …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
Decontamination of skin by washing may increase dermal absorption, a phenomenon
known as the wash-in effect. The wash-in effect is frequently discussed in studies …

Efficacy of water‐only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review

C Chiang, N Kashetsky, A Feschuk… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Water‐only or water and soap are widely recommended as preferred solutions for dermal
decontamination. However, limited efficacy data exist. We summarized experimental studies …

Comparison of skin decontamination strategies in the initial operational response following chemical exposures

L Thors, E Wigenstam, J Qvarnström, A Larsson… - Toxicology in Vitro, 2023 - Elsevier
In mass casualty incidents including hazardous chemical skin exposure, decontamination is
the primary intervention to avoid systemic uptake of the toxic compound. The protocol needs …

Do cold weather temperatures affect the efficacy of skin decontamination?

L Thors, P Wästerby, E Wigenstam… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Skin decontamination in cold weather temperatures might be challenging due to the
aggravating circumstances. However, no information is available on the efficacy of …

Efficacy of water-based skin decontamination of occupational chemicals using in vitro human skin models: a systematic review

C Chiang, N Kashetsky, A Feschuk, A Burli… - Journal of Toxicology …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
Percutaneous absorption of chemicals is a potential route of topical and systemic toxicity.
Skin decontamination interrupts this process by removing contaminants from the skin …

Efficacy of soap and water‐based skin decontamination using in vitro animal models: A systematic review

M Green, N Kashetsky, AM Feschuk… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Water and/or soap and water solutions have historically been used as first‐line
decontamination strategies for a wide variety of dermal contaminants from workplace …

In Vitro Human Skin Decontamination with Water: Occupational Contaminants

C Chiang, N Kashetsky, AM Feschuk, A Burli… - Dermal Absorption and …, 2022 - Springer
Percutaneous absorption of chemicals is a potential route of topical and systemic toxicity.
Skin decontamination interrupts this process by removing contaminants from the skin …

In Vitro Human Skin Decontamination with Water: Chemical Warfare Agents or Simulants

C Chiang, N Kashetsky, AM Feschuk, A Burli… - Dermal Absorption and …, 2022 - Springer
Water-only or water and soap are widely recommended as preferred solutions for dermal
decontamination. However, limited efficacy data exists. We summarized experimental …

A review of the efficacy of easily accessible dry decontaminants for human chemical contamination

S Nandamuri, AM Feschuk… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Soap and water are often considered the gold standard for dermal decontamination.
However, recent systematic reviews have shown that these methods often result in …

Toward a Harmonized Protocol for Quantifying In Vitro Human Skin Decontamination Efficacy

T Tran, HI Maibach - Dermal Absorption and Decontamination: A …, 2022 - Springer
Although skin decontamination has been studied since WWI, there has yet been an optimal
protocol for determining in vitro skin decontamination efficacy due to the complexity of …