Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to coastal fisheries production
and ecosystem function, but can also cause major environmental problems,—yet detailed …

Global trends in the occurrence, toxicity and risk posed by harmful algal blooms to natural
systems, human health and coastal economies are poorly constrained, but are widely …

Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the fastest-growing
food production sector globally. However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to …

Climate change is transforming aquatic ecosystems. Coastal waters have experienced
progressive warming, acidification, and deoxygenation that will intensify this century. At the …

Background: Pollution–unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity–is
the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an …

The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate
change. This perilous change in the Earth's climate is caused by increases in carbon dioxide …

Marine and freshwater ecosystems are warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating as a
consequence of climate change. In parallel, the impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on …

There is increasing concern that accelerating environmental change attributed to human-
induced warming of the planet may substantially alter the patterns, distribution and intensity …