The ice giants Uranus and Neptune are the least understood class of planets in our solar
system but the most frequently observed type of exoplanets. Presumed to have a small rocky …

Recent observations of Jupiter's atmosphere showing unexpected depletion of ammonia
below the ammonia cloud-forming region has brought up the question of whether a single …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

We present an update of the open-source photochemical kinetics code VULCAN to include
C–H–N–O–S networks and photochemistry. The additional new features are advection …

Thermal structure of the atmosphere of Jupiter was measured from 1029 km above to 133
km below the 1‐bar level during entry and descent of the Galileo probe. The data confirm the …

The banded structures observed on the surfaces of the gas giants are associated with strong
zonal winds alternating in direction with latitude. We use three-dimensional numerical …

The vertical structure of aerosols on Jupiter is inferred from data obtained by the NASA
Galileo Solid State Imaging system during the first six orbits of the spacecraft. Images at 889 …

During its descent into the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, the Galileo probe transmitted data to
the orbiter for 57.5 min. Accurate measurements of the probe radio frequency, driven by an …

The radio signal from the Galileo probe to the orbiter experienced attenuation due to
ammonia in Jupiter's atmosphere during the probe descent. A profile of the ammonia content …

Fast rotating giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn possess alternate prograde and
retrograde zonal winds which are stable over long periods of time. We consider a …