Human schistosomes combat the unique immune systems of two vastly different hosts
during their indirect life cycles. In gastropod molluscs, they face a potent innate immune …

Digenetic trematodes, including several species of medical and veterinary significance,
nearly all depend on molluscs (usually gastropods) as hosts for asexual reproduction. The …

Schistosomes are the causative agents of schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent and
serious of the parasitic diseases that currently infects∼ 200 million people worldwide …

This review summarizes the research progress made over the past decade in the field of
gastropod immunity resulting from investigations of the interaction between the snail …

Schistosomiasis, caused mainly by Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, and S.
hematobium, remains one of the most prevalent and serious parasitic diseases worldwide …

Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni are two trematode species that use
different strategies (mimicry and immunosuppression, respectively) to interfere with the snail …

In vitro production of Schistosoma mansoni daughter sporocysts (DS) from miracidium-
derived mother sporocysts (MS) was achieved by synxenic larval cultivation with cells of the …

Free-living miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni, upon penetration of the their snail
intermediate host, undergo dramatic morphological and physiological changes as they …

Schistosomiasis, caused by infections by human blood flukes (Trematoda), continues to
disrupt the lives of over 200,000,000 people in over 70 countries, inflicting misery and …

BACKGROUND Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5)
and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1)(CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the …